Fungal diseases caused by fungi can cause various symptoms on the skin such as redness, itching, inflammation and swelling[1]. These infections can occur as superficial, localised tissue diseases or more serious conditions affecting deeper tissues or organs[2]. Common types of fungal skin infections include: - Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) - Nail fungus (onychomycosis) - Tinea multicolor Among these fungal infections, Malassezia furfur is an important causative agent, particularly associated with seborrheic dermatitis and tinea versicolor[3][4]. Malassezia furfur affects the areas of the skin responsible for oil production, leading to symptoms such as the formation of spots that grow, merge and form map-like areas on the skin[5]. In addition, Pityrosporum ovale, another name for Malassezia furfur, is a common cause of seborrheic dermatitis, a condition characterised by inflamed and flaky skin[6].

Symptoms of fungal skin infections may vary depending on the specific type of fungus involved. For example, tinea versicolor presents as superficial patches on the skin with a wide range of colours, whereas seborrheic dermatitis is characterised by inflamed and scaly patches of skin[7] [8]. Diagnosis of these infections usually involves clinical examination to assess the appearance of skin lesions and may include additional tests such as skin scrapings or cultures to identify the causal fungi[9]. Fungal skin infections trigger the body's immune response, leading to tissue damage, inflammation and potential allergic reactions in some individuals[2]. Candida infections caused by Candida albicans and commensal fungal infections such as Malassezia furfur can cause a variety of skin manifestations, highlighting the diversity of fungal skin diseases and their impact on skin health[3].

Understanding the causes and risk factors associated with fungal skin infections is crucial for effective prevention and management. Factors such as weakened immune function, excessive sweating, poor hygiene, and environmental conditions that lead to fungal growth can increase the risk of developing these infections[10]. In addition, people with oily skin or those who use communal facilities such as the gym or swimming pool may be more susceptible to fungal skin diseases. By recognising symptoms, accurately diagnosing infections and addressing predisposing factors, individuals can take proactive steps to effectively prevent and manage fungal skin diseases. Awareness of various fungal skin infections, including infections caused by Malassezia furfur, can enable individuals to seek timely medical attention and adopt appropriate skin care practices to promote skin health and well-being.

 

 

 

Prevention and treatment of fungal skin infections

 

Proper hygiene practices play an important role in the prevention and treatment of fungal skin infections[1]. Fungi thrive in warm and humid environments, making it imperative to keep the skin clean and dry to minimise the risk of infection. Maintaining good hygiene habits such as - Regularly washing and drying the skin, especially in areas prone to sweating - Using clean towels and clothing - Avoiding sharing personal items such as towels and razors - Keeping nails trimmed and clean By following these simple hygiene practices, individuals can reduce the chance of fungal infections and improve overall skin health.

When it comes to treating fungal skin infections, antifungal medications and treatments play a crucial role in fighting the infection[10]. Different types of antifungal medications may be prescribed depending on the specific fungal infection. For example: - Griseofulvin is widely used in the treatment of infections caused by microsporum species[16]. - Topical antifungal medications are usually sufficient for conditions such as tinea facialis and promote healing without scarring[2].

Long-term management and prevention of recurrence are key elements of dealing with fungal skin infections[18]. Even after the infection has cleared, it is important to continue to follow good hygiene practices and take preventive measures to minimise the risk of recurrence. Long-term management and prevention strategies include - Regularly monitoring the skin for any signs of infection - Keeping the skin clean and dry, especially in areas prone to fungal growth - Avoiding factors that may contribute to fungal infections, such as sharing personal items or wearing tight-fitting clothing - Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms reappear or worsen By incorporating these practices into their daily routine, individuals can effectively manage fungal skin infections, reduce the likelihood of recurrence and maintain healthy skin.